Central A/C & heat pumps

Central AC not cooling the house

Usually a thermostat, filter, or outdoor unit issue rather than a major failure. Work through the easy checks before assuming a costly repair.

Difficulty
Easy
Time
20–40 minutes
DIY cost
$0–$25
Pro cost
$150–$500

Symptoms

  • Air blows but isn't cold
  • House temperature climbs despite the AC running
  • Outdoor unit may or may not be running

Likely causes

  • CommonDirty air filter restricting airflowReduced airflow over the indoor coil can prevent effective cooling.
  • CommonThermostat set wrong or in the wrong modeA thermostat set to Fan Only or Heat won't cool even if the AC works fine.
  • CommonDirty outdoor condenser coilA coil caked in dirt or grass clippings can't release heat efficiently, weakening cooling.
  • PossibleLow refrigerant from a leakLow refrigerant reduces cooling capacity and often shows up alongside a frozen coil.
  • Less commonFailing compressorThe compressor is the heart of the system, and its failure means little or no cooling.

What to do

  1. Confirm the thermostat is set to Cool with a target temperature below the current room temperature.
  2. Replace the air filter if it looks gray or clogged.
  3. Go outside and check the condenser unit is running; you should hear a fan and feel warm air blowing out the top.
  4. Turn off the system and gently hose off visible dirt or debris from the outdoor unit's fins (with power off).
  5. Check the indoor evaporator coil (usually behind an access panel) for ice buildup, which points to a different, related problem.
  6. If airflow and both units look normal but cooling is still poor, the system likely needs a refrigerant check by a technician.

Tools and parts

  • Garden hose
AC air filterSearch: “central air filter size replacement”

When to call a pro

Call an HVAC technician if the filter and outdoor unit are clean but cooling stays poor; low refrigerant or a compressor issue needs professional diagnosis.

Safety

Generally low risk

Generally low risk for a careful person. Stop if anything looks different from what this guide describes.

Related guides

Operator provides AI-generated troubleshooting information. It can be wrong. For safety-critical, electrical, gas, structural, medical, automotive safety, or other high-risk problems, consult a qualified professional.