Drives & data

BitLocker-encrypted drive won't unlock

A BitLocker drive that won't unlock almost always needs either the correct password or the recovery key, and there is no way around encryption without one of them.

Difficulty
Easy
Time
15–40 minutes
DIY cost
$0–$0

Symptoms

  • Drive asks for a BitLocker password or recovery key that isn't accepted
  • 'This drive is locked' message when connecting the drive
  • Recovery key ID is shown but you don't have the matching key saved
  • Drive was encrypted on a different computer or by someone else

Likely causes

  • CommonForgotten or mistyped BitLocker passwordPassword managers or saved credentials can help recall it.
  • CommonRecovery key was never saved or backed up anywhere accessibleMicrosoft strongly recommends saving it to a Microsoft account, USB drive, or printout at setup.
  • PossibleDrive was encrypted under a Microsoft account you no longer have access toThe recovery key may be retrievable by signing into that account online.
  • PossibleTPM or hardware changes triggering a recovery key prompt on the original PCThis can happen after a motherboard change or firmware update.

What to do

  1. Try any passwords you may have used, including variations.
  2. Check https://account.microsoft.com/devices/recoverykey while signed into the Microsoft account that may have been used when the drive was encrypted.
  3. Search for a printed recovery key, a saved text file, or a USB drive labeled with the key from when the drive was set up.
  4. Check your organization's IT department if this is a work computer or drive, since they often store recovery keys centrally.
  5. If truly no recovery key or password can be found, there's no supported way to bypass BitLocker; the data is unrecoverable through normal means.
  6. For future drives, save the recovery key to your Microsoft account, a printout, and a separate USB drive right when encryption is turned on.

Safety

Generally low risk

Generally low risk for a careful person. Stop if anything looks different from what this guide describes.

Related guides

Operator provides AI-generated troubleshooting information. It can be wrong. For safety-critical, electrical, gas, structural, medical, automotive safety, or other high-risk problems, consult a qualified professional.