Symptoms
- Banging or vibration only when hot water is used or shut off
- Cold water side is quiet under the same conditions
- Noise may correlate with the water heater cycling on
- Sound sometimes heard even without water actively running
Likely causes
- CommonMissing or waterlogged thermal expansion tankAs water heats, it expands, and without a properly functioning expansion tank to absorb that, pressure spikes can cause banging.
- CommonWater hammer arrestor missing specifically on hot supply linesIf arrestors were only installed on cold lines during past work, hot side hammer can still occur.
- PossibleFailing check valve near the water heaterA check valve that's supposed to prevent backflow can chatter or bang if it's not seating properly.
- Less commonLoose hot water pipe expanding and contracting against framingMetal pipes expand slightly when heated and can tick or bang against framing if not properly clipped.
What to do
- Check near the water heater for a small tank (thermal expansion tank), usually mounted on the cold inlet line; tap it to see if it sounds hollow (good) or solid (waterlogged).
- If waterlogged or missing and your water heater has a check valve or pressure-reducing valve (closed systems require one), consider having an expansion tank installed or recharged.
- Install hot-side water hammer arrestors at fixtures where the banging is most noticeable, following the same process as cold-side arrestors.
- Listen along accessible hot water pipe runs for a ticking sound as the water heater cycles, which points to thermal expansion against loose framing.
- Add or tighten pipe straps and add cushioning where pipes contact framing.
- If a check valve near the water heater is suspected, this typically requires a plumber to test and replace.
- Monitor water heater temperature settings, since excessively high settings can worsen thermal expansion effects.
Tools and parts
- Wrench
- Pipe straps
Thermal expansion tankSearch: “thermal expansion tank for water heater”
When to call a pro
Call a plumber to install or replace a thermal expansion tank or check valve near the water heater.
Safety
Generally low risk
Generally low risk for a careful person. Stop if anything looks different from what this guide describes.