Desktop hardware

Graphics card causing screen artifacts

Odd shapes, colors, or glitches on screen usually point to a GPU driver problem, overheating, or in some cases failing video memory, roughly in that order of likelihood.

Difficulty
Moderate
Time
30–60 minutes
DIY cost
$0–$0
Pro cost
$80–$200

Symptoms

  • Colorful garbled shapes, lines, or flickering textures appear on screen
  • Artifacts appear mostly during gaming or graphically demanding tasks
  • Problem happens even on the desktop or in the BIOS screen
  • Artifacts get worse the longer the PC has been running

Likely causes

  • CommonOutdated, corrupted, or conflicting graphics driverA clean driver reinstall resolves a large share of artifact issues.
  • CommonGPU overheating due to dust or failing coolingHeat-related artifacts often worsen the longer a demanding game or task runs.
  • PossibleOverclocked GPU or memory running unstable settingsArtifacts are a classic sign of an unstable overclock.
  • PossibleFailing GPU memory (VRAM) or other hardware degradationThis shows up in the BIOS screen too, not just in Windows or games.
  • PossibleInsufficient power delivery to the cardA marginal power supply can cause instability that looks like artifacts.

What to do

  1. Update to the latest graphics driver from the manufacturer's website, using a clean install option if available.
  2. If artifacts appear even in BIOS or before Windows loads, this points more toward hardware than software.
  3. Check the GPU's temperature under load with monitoring software; artifacts above about 85–90C suggest a heat problem.
  4. Clean dust from the GPU's fans and heatsink with compressed air.
  5. If the GPU or memory is overclocked, reset to default clock speeds and see if artifacts stop.
  6. Test the card in a different computer, or a different card in this one, to isolate whether it's the GPU or something else.

Tools and parts

  • Compressed air
  • GPU temperature monitoring software

When to call a pro

If artifacts persist after a clean driver install, resetting overclocks, and confirming temperatures are normal, the GPU likely has a hardware fault and should be tested or replaced.

Safety

Generally low risk

Generally low risk for a careful person. Stop if anything looks different from what this guide describes.

Related guides

Operator provides AI-generated troubleshooting information. It can be wrong. For safety-critical, electrical, gas, structural, medical, automotive safety, or other high-risk problems, consult a qualified professional.